Do you know how ventilation influences the actions in the building?

Actions in the building

1. Permanent actions
2. Variable actions
3. Accidental actions

The self-weight is the main permanent action that must be taken into account, whether it is from the structural elements, the enclosures, or the interior partition elements. The value of this self-weight is obtained as its average value derived from the nominal dimensions and the average specific weights. In the case of homes, it will be sufficient to consider a self-weight of the partitioning as a load of 1.0 KN for each m2 of constructed surface. Other specific weights of materials used in the building are:

Solid ceramic brick 18.0 KN/m3

Perforated ceramic brick 15.0 KN/m3

Hollow ceramic brick 12.0 KN/m3

Hollow cement block 15.0 KN/m3

Steel 77.0 KN/m3

Aluminum 27.0 KN/m3

Bronze 83.0 KN/m3

Limestone 28.0 KN/m3

Sandstone 26.0 KN/m3 The variable actions can also be of several types:

The usage overloading is the weight of everything that can gravitate on a building due to its use. The overload of heavy equipment or the accumulation of materials in libraries is particularly relevant. Generally, all effects of usage overload can be simulated by applying a uniformly distributed load. For local checks of carrying capacity, a concentrated load should be considered. This load will be considered applied over the finished pavement on a square surface of 200 mm in areas with parking and 50 mm on each side in other cases.

The values of overload will vary depending on the intended use of the building:

• Residential areas 2 NK/m2
• Administrative areas 3-5 KN/m2
• Commercial areas 5 KN/m2

The distribution and intensity of the snow load on a building or specifically on a roof depend on the local climate, the type of precipitation, the surrounding relief, and the shape of the building or roof. The value of the snow overload is defined in the Technical Building Code depending on the provincial capitals and the autonomous cities, varying from 0.2 KN/m2 in Alicante or Toledo to 1.2 KN/m2 in León.